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Will Higher Fuel Prices Dampen RV Sales?

Updated April 23, 2010

 

Historically there has been little long term correlation between fuel prices and RV retail sales (see The Economy and RV Sales). In fact, RV sales grew the most when fuel prices were skyrocketing (Figure 1). There is a much higher correlation with other macroeconomic factors such as GDP, Personal Consumption Expenditures, and interest rates. Gas prices are are at the bottom of our list of factors for affecting RV growth.

 

Figure 1 - Retail RV Sales versus Fuel Prices

 
Towables are the most price sensitive segment of the market. The buyers tend to be younger and less affluent than the buyers of large motorhomes. First and foremost in their purchasing decision is the financing and resulting monthly payment. Table 1 below is a simple model based on typical price points and usage statistics. At $3.50 per gallon (it's at $2.82 as of March 2010), the cost of fuel ranges from 31% of the total cost of ownership at the low end to 12% at the high end. At the low end, the cost of fuel is equal to about 50% of the monthly loan payment while at the high end it's about 15%. That's clearly a significant amount at the low end.
 

Table 1 - Towable RV Cost of Ownership Model

MSRP $15,000 $25,000 $50,000
       
Dealer Discount 20% 20% 20%
Sales Tax 8.0% 8.0% 8.0%
Purchase Price $12,960 $21,600 $43,200
       
Down Payment % 10% 10% 10%
Down Payment  $1,296 $2,160 $4,320
Financed Amount $11,664 $19,440 $38,880
Loan Period (Years)                   5                   5                     5
Annual Percentage Rate 6.88% 6.88% 6.88%
Monthly Payment $230 $384 $768
       
Usage Assumptions      
Annual Days Used                 24                 24                    24
Daily Miles Driven                200                200                  200
Annual Miles Driven             4,840             4,840               4,840
       
Cost of Fuel Assumptions      
Fuel Cost (per gallon) $3.50 $3.50 $3.50
Mileage (mpg)               12.0               12.0                 12.0
Fuel Consumption (gallons/mile)               0.08               0.08                 0.08
       
Cost per Mile ($)      
Capital Cost $2.50 $4.17 $8.34
Fuel $0.29 $0.29 $0.29
License Fee $0.03 $0.04 $0.05
Insurance $0.04 $0.05 $0.07
Total Cost per Mile ($) $2.87 $4.56 $8.76
       
Capital Cost      
Down Payment $1,296 $2,160 $4,320
Loan Payments $13,818 $23,030 $46,060
Resale Value ($3,000) ($5,000) ($10,000)
Total Cost of Capital $12,114 $20,190 $40,380
       
Annual Cost ($)      
Capital Cost $12,114 $20,190 $40,380
Fuel  $1,412 $1,412 $1,412
License Fee $150 $200 $250
Insurance $200 $250 $350
Total Annual Cost ($) $13,876 $22,052 $42,392
       
Total Cost per Day Used ($) $573 $911 $1,752
       
Fixed and Variable Costs (per year)      
Fixed Costs (per year)      
Cost of Capital $12,114 $20,190 $40,380
License Fee $150 $200 $250
Insurance $200 $250 $350
Total Fixed Costs $12,464 $20,640 $40,980
Fixed as a % of Total Costs 89.8% 93.6% 96.7%
       
Variable Costs (per year)      
Fuel $1,412 $1,412 $1,412
Total Variable Costs $1,412 $1,412 $1,412
Variable a % of Total Costs 10.2% 6.4% 3.3%

 

Even the low end of the Class A motorhome market is likely to suffer as fuel prices continue to climb. RV Investor expanded on the model originally developed by Bob Gummersal, Chief Technical Officer of RVers Online to determine the contribution of each cost factor to the overall cost of ownership. Not surprisingly, fuel prices are a significant cost contributor at the low end. For example, Figure 3 shows that for a $75,000 Class A motorhome, fuel prices represent about 20% of the cost per mile for part-time enthusiasts or even fulltime RVers. However, capital costs are the most significant cost factor particularly as you go up in price. If you own an expensive RV, you're going to drive it no matter what the price of fuel because it costs you much more to have it sitting around. And, if you can afford a $750,000 motorhome, you probably won't base your purchasing decision on the price at the pump (Figure 7).

 

Figure 2 - Motorhome Annual Operating Costs

Figure 3 - $75,000 Motorhome Cost per Mile

Figure 4 - $150,000 Motorhome Cost per Mile

Figure 5 - $250,000 Motorhome Cost per Mile

Figure 6 - $500,000 Motorhome Cost per Mile

Figure 7 - $750,000 Motorhome Cost per Mile

 

Table 2 - Motorized RV (Class A) Cost of Ownership Model [Click here to Download]

MSRP $75,000 $150,000 $250,000 $500,000 $750,000
           
Dealer Discount 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Sales Tax 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0%
Purchase Price $64,800 $129,600 $216,000 $432,000 $648,000
           
Down Payment % 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
Down Payment  $6,480 $12,960 $21,600 $43,200 $64,800
Financed Amount $58,320 $116,640 $194,400 $388,800 $583,200
Loan Period (Years)                15                20                20                20                20
Annual Percentage Rate 6.88% 6.75% 6.75% 6.75% 6.75%
Monthly Payment $520 $887 $1,478 $2,956 $4,434
           
Years Owned               7.8               7.8               7.8               7.8               7.8
           
Personal Income Tax Rate 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
           
Capital Cost          
Down Payment $6,480 $12,960 $21,600 $43,200 $64,800
Loan Payments $48,699 $83,013 $138,355 $276,709 $415,064
Interest Paid $25,629 $54,383 $90,638 $181,277 $271,915
Principal Paid $23,070 $28,630 $47,716 $95,432 $143,149
           
Loan Balance when Sold $35,250 $88,010 $146,684 $293,368 $440,051
Resale Value $39,528 $79,056 $131,760 $263,520 $395,280
Loan Residual ($4,278) $8,954 $14,924 $29,848 $44,771
           
Less: Tax Deduction (2nd Home) ($3,844) ($8,157) ($13,596) ($27,192) ($40,787)
Total Cost of Capital $47,057 $96,770 $161,283 $322,565 $483,848
           
Usage Assumptions          
Annual Days Used                24                24                24                24                24
Daily Miles Driven               200              200              200              200              200
Annual Miles Driven            4,840            4,840            4,840            4,840            4,840
Total Miles Driven          37,752          37,752          37,752          37,752          37,752
           
Cost of Fuel Assumptions          
Fuel Cost (per gallon) $3.50 $3.50 $3.50 $3.50 $3.50
Mileage (mpg)               8.0               8.0               8.0               8.0               8.0
Fuel Consumption (gallons/mile)              0.13             0.13             0.13             0.13             0.13
           
Cost of Service          
Service per 10,000 miles $400 $400 $400 $400 $400
New Set of Tires $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000
Miles per set of Tires          50,000          50,000          50,000          50,000          50,000
           
Service Cost per Mile $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04
Tires Cost per Mile $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04
Total Service Cost per Mile $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
           
Cost per Mile ($)          
Capital Cost $1.25 $2.56 $4.27 $8.54 $12.82
Fuel $0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $0.44
Service $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
License Fee $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.08 $0.12
Insurance $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.07 $0.10
Total Cost per Mile ($) $1.80 $3.14 $4.87 $9.21 $13.56
           
Annual Cost ($)          
Capital Cost $6,033 $12,406 $20,677 $41,355 $62,032
Fuel  $2,118 $2,118 $2,118 $2,118 $2,118
Service  $387 $387 $387 $387 $387
License Fee $500 $1,000 $1,500 $3,000 $4,500
Insurance $808 $1,257 $1,689 $2,769 $3,849
Total Annual Cost ($) $9,846 $17,168 $26,371 $49,628 $72,886
           
Total Cost per Day Used ($) $407 $709 $1,090 $2,051 $3,012
Total Cost per Day Full Time ($) $27 $47 $72 $136 $200
           
Fixed and Variable Costs (per year)          
Fixed Costs (per year)          
Cost of Capital $6,033 $12,406 $20,677 $41,355 $62,032
License Fee $500 $1,000 $1,500 $3,000 $4,500
Insurance $808 $1,257 $1,689 $2,769 $3,849
Total Fixed Costs $7,341 $14,663 $23,866 $47,124 $70,381
Fixed as a % of Total Costs 74.6% 85.4% 90.5% 95.0% 96.6%
           
Variable Costs (per year)          
Fuel $2,118 $2,118 $2,118 $2,118 $2,118
Service $387 $387 $387 $387 $387
Total Variable Costs $2,505 $2,505 $2,505 $2,505 $2,505
Variable a % of Total Costs 25.4% 14.6% 9.5% 5.0% 3.4%
 
I'd like to thank Bob Gummersal of RVers Online for his work on which we based our model as well as his support and Michael McGann of McGann Insurance Agency for providing the insurance costs estimates used in the model.